精萘是一種有機(jī)化合物，是最簡單的稠環(huán)芳烴，分子式為C10H8，是由2個(gè)苯環(huán)共用2個(gè)相鄰碳原子稠合而成。無色，有毒，易升華并有特殊氣味的片狀晶體。從煉焦的副產(chǎn)品煤焦油和石油蒸餾中大量生產(chǎn)，主要用于合成鄰苯二甲酸酐等。

Refined naphthalene is an organic compound, the simplest polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, with a molecular formula of C10H8. It is formed by the condensation of two adjacent carbon atoms shared by two benzene rings. Colorless, toxic, easily sublimated, and has a special odor as a sheet-like crystal. It is produced in large quantities from coal tar and petroleum distillation as by-products of coking, mainly used for synthesizing phthalic anhydride, etc.

性質(zhì)與穩(wěn)定性：

Nature and stability:

1、在乙酸溶液中用氧化鉻進(jìn)行氧化，生成α-萘醌。加氫生成四氫化萘，進(jìn)一步加氫則生成十氫化萘。在氯化鐵催化下，將氯氣通入萘的苯溶液中，主要得到α-氯萘。光照下與氯作用則生成四氯萘。

1. Oxidize with chromium oxide in acetic acid solution to generate α- Naphthoquinone. Hydrogenation produces tetrahydronaphthalene, and further hydrogenation produces decahydronaphthalene. Under the catalysis of ferric chloride, introducing chlorine gas into a benzene solution of naphthalene mainly yields α- Chloronaphthalene. Under light, it reacts with chlorine to form tetrachloronaphthalene.

萘的硝化比苯容易，常溫下即可進(jìn)行，主要產(chǎn)物是α-硝基萘。萘的磺化產(chǎn)物和溫度有關(guān)，低溫得到α-萘磺酸，較高的溫度下，主要得到β-萘磺酸。

The nitration of naphthalene is easier than that of benzene and can be carried out at room temperature. The main product is α- Nitronaphthalene. The sulfonation products of naphthalene are temperature dependent and can be obtained at low temperatures α- Naphthalenesulfonic acid, at higher temperatures, mainly yields β- Naphthalenesulfonic acid.

2、萘的水溶性較小，而且不易被吸收，故其毒性不太強(qiáng)。吸入濃的萘蒸氣或萘粉末時(shí)，能促使人嘔吐，不適，頭痛。

2. Naphthalene has low water solubility and is not easily absorbed, so its toxicity is not very strong. Inhaling concentrated naphthalene vapor or naphthalene powder can cause vomiting, discomfort, and headaches.

生產(chǎn)設(shè)備及容器應(yīng)密閉，防止蒸氣粉末外逸，操作現(xiàn)場強(qiáng)制通風(fēng)。若發(fā)生中毒現(xiàn)象，要立即移至新鮮空氣處，多飲熱水，使之嘔吐，進(jìn)行人工呼吸，嚴(yán)重者送醫(yī)院治療。

Production equipment and containers should be sealed to prevent the escape of steam powder, and the operation site should be forcibly ventilated. If poisoning occurs, immediately move to fresh air, drink plenty of hot water to induce vomiting, undergo artificial respiration, and in severe cases, seek medical treatment.

3、穩(wěn)定性：穩(wěn)定。

3. Stability: Stable.

4、禁配物：強(qiáng)氧化劑（如鉻酸酐、氯酸鹽和高錳酸鉀等）。

4. Prohibited substances: Strong oxidants (such as chromic anhydride, chlorate, and potassium permanganate).

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