安全操作與防護(hù)?

Safe operation and protection

在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中，操作精萘?xí)r應(yīng)確保生產(chǎn)設(shè)備及容器的密閉性，防止精萘蒸氣或粉末外逸。工作場所要設(shè)置強(qiáng)制通風(fēng)設(shè)施，及時(shí)排出可能泄漏的精萘蒸氣，降低空氣中的濃度。操作人員必須佩戴合適的防護(hù)裝備，如防護(hù)手套、護(hù)目鏡、防護(hù)服以及防毒面具等。防護(hù)手套應(yīng)選擇具有良好化學(xué)防護(hù)性能的材質(zhì)，如丁腈橡膠手套，能夠有效阻隔精萘與皮膚的接觸。護(hù)目鏡要能全面保護(hù)眼睛，防止精萘粉塵或蒸氣進(jìn)入眼睛。防護(hù)服要做到全身覆蓋，減少皮膚暴露面積。防毒面具則應(yīng)根據(jù)工作環(huán)境中精萘的濃度，選擇合適的過濾元件，確保能夠有效過濾萘蒸氣。在操作過程中，嚴(yán)禁煙火，因?yàn)榫烈兹?，與空氣可形成爆炸性混合物，當(dāng)達(dá)到一定濃度時(shí)，遇火星便會(huì)發(fā)生爆炸。此外，要定期對(duì)工作場所的空氣進(jìn)行檢測，確保精萘濃度符合國家規(guī)定的職業(yè)接觸限值標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。目前，我國規(guī)定工作場所萘的最大容許濃度為 10×10?? 。一旦發(fā)生精萘泄漏，應(yīng)立即采取應(yīng)急措施，疏散周圍人員，隔離泄漏污染區(qū)，切斷火源。對(duì)于少量泄漏，可使用砂土、蛭石等惰性材料吸收；對(duì)于大量泄漏，則應(yīng)構(gòu)筑圍堤或挖坑收容，用泡沫覆蓋，降低蒸氣災(zāi)害，并使用防爆泵轉(zhuǎn)移至專用收集容器中，進(jìn)行妥善處理。?

In industrial production, the sealing of production equipment and containers should be ensured when operating refined naphthalene to prevent the escape of refined naphthalene vapor or powder. The workplace should be equipped with forced ventilation facilities to promptly discharge possible leaked naphthalene vapor and reduce the concentration in the air. Operators must wear appropriate protective equipment, such as gloves, goggles, protective clothing, and gas masks. Protective gloves should be made of materials with good chemical protection properties, such as nitrile rubber gloves, which can effectively block the contact between naphthalene and the skin. Goggles should be able to fully protect the eyes and prevent naphthalene dust or vapor from entering the eyes. Protective clothing should cover the entire body and reduce the exposed area of the skin. Gas masks should select appropriate filtering elements based on the concentration of naphthalene in the working environment to ensure effective filtration of naphthalene vapor. During the operation, smoking and fireworks are strictly prohibited, as naphthalene is flammable and can form explosive mixtures with air. When it reaches a certain concentration, it will explode upon contact with Mars. In addition, it is necessary to regularly test the air in the workplace to ensure that the concentration of naphthalene meets the occupational exposure limit standards set by the country. At present, the maximum allowable concentration of naphthalene in the workplace in China is 10 × 10 ??. Once a refined naphthalene leak occurs, emergency measures should be taken immediately, surrounding personnel should be evacuated, the contaminated area should be isolated, and the fire source should be cut off. For small leaks, inert materials such as sand and vermiculite can be used to absorb them; For a large amount of leakage, it is necessary to build a dike or dig a pit to receive it, cover it with foam to reduce the steam disaster, and use an explosion-proof pump to transfer it to a special collection container for proper treatment. ?

儲(chǔ)存與運(yùn)輸?

Storage and transportation

精萘的儲(chǔ)存和運(yùn)輸也需要嚴(yán)格遵循相關(guān)規(guī)范。儲(chǔ)存時(shí)，應(yīng)將精萘放置在陰涼、通風(fēng)的庫房中，遠(yuǎn)離火種、熱源。庫房溫度不宜超過 30℃，相對(duì)濕度不宜超過 80%。精萘應(yīng)與氧化劑、食用化學(xué)品等分開存放，切忌混儲(chǔ)。儲(chǔ)存區(qū)域應(yīng)配備相應(yīng)品種和數(shù)量的消防器材，以及泄漏應(yīng)急處理設(shè)備。在運(yùn)輸方面，液體萘一般采用槽車運(yùn)輸，運(yùn)輸過程中要確保槽車的密封性，防止液體泄漏。固體精萘通常用牛皮紙袋裝，每袋凈重 25kg ，運(yùn)輸時(shí)要避免包裝袋破損，防止精萘散落。運(yùn)輸車輛應(yīng)配備相應(yīng)的消防器材和泄漏應(yīng)急處理設(shè)備，運(yùn)輸途中要防曝曬、雨淋，防高溫。無論是儲(chǔ)存還是運(yùn)輸，都要嚴(yán)格遵守相關(guān)法規(guī)和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，確保精萘在整個(gè)流通過程中的安全性。

The storage and transportation of refined naphthalene also need to strictly follow relevant regulations. When storing, refined naphthalene should be placed in a cool and ventilated warehouse, away from sources of fire and heat. The temperature in the warehouse should not exceed 30 ℃, and the relative humidity should not exceed 80%. Naphthalene should be stored separately from oxidants, edible chemicals, etc., and should not be stored together. The storage area should be equipped with corresponding types and quantities of fire-fighting equipment, as well as emergency response equipment for leaks. In terms of transportation, liquid naphthalene is generally transported by tank trucks, and the sealing of the tank trucks should be ensured during transportation to prevent liquid leakage. Solid naphthalene is usually packaged in kraft paper bags, with a net weight of 25kg per bag. During transportation, it is important to avoid damaging the packaging bags to prevent the naphthalene from scattering. Transport vehicles should be equipped with corresponding fire-fighting equipment and emergency response equipment for leaks. During transportation, they should be protected from exposure to sunlight, rain, and high temperatures. Whether it is storage or transportation, relevant regulations and standards must be strictly followed to ensure the safety of refined naphthalene throughout the entire circulation process.

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